植物"柔性坝"在不同底坡下水流特性的试验研究

通过室内水槽模型试验,较系统地分析了植物“柔性坝”在交错布置方式下,3种不同底坡对水流的影响.由试验得出,植树后底坡越大,流量对植物坝的壅水影响越不明显,即底坡对植物坝壅水的影响要比流量的影响大.同时通过对相同底坡不同流量下植树前后断面平均流速的分析,说明了植物坝能较好的减小坝前和坝内的水流平均流速,并将流速峰值均匀化.最后从理论上分析了植树前后糙率的变化.     

Physical simulation of fluid field and structure optimization in two-strand tundish

The influence of the structure and location of dam and weir on fluid flow state in a two-strand tundish is studied, and a set of optimal structure, combining with the average residence time calculated from RTD curve, is obtained. The result indicates that the fluid flow state can be changed and the path of the fluid flow can be prolonged as well as the average residence time is improved after using dam and weir. But there are some dead zones after fluid passed through the dam and weir. Combination scheme of No. one dam and weir is better than the others. Its average residence time is 299 s and the volume fraction of dead zone is 31.0%. After the optimization of flowing control parameters in tundish, the best case is that the distance between dam and weir is 290 mm and the distance between weir and the long nozzle is 383 mm. The longest average residence time is 351 s and the minimum volume fraction of dead zone is 19.0% under the above situation. Compared with that of no dam and weir, the average residence time increases by 65 s and the dead zone volume fraction decreases by 15.0%. Based on Newton formula, the calculated results show that the inclusions with diameter larger than 17.5 μm can float up within 351 s under this optimization situation.     

Analysis of the Sediment Development and Trend In Jinshajiang River Drainage Area

Jinshajiang River, which has a drainage area of 485,100 Km 2, average flux of 142.9 billion m 3, and soil conveyance of 247 million t/a, is the largest branch of Changjiang river. It is also the largest soil resource of the Three Gorges reservoir and upper reach of Changjiang River. To research the development and trend of Jinshajiang sediment not only has a relation to Jinshajiang water resource strategy, but also has important meaning to control the silt in Three Gorges reservoir and the Changjiang water resource development. The paper statistically analyses the flux and sediment conveyance of the Pingshan station, which is the primary hydrological station in the Jinshajiang River Drainage Area. Through several non-parameter statistical methods such as Spearman order correlativity check, Kendell order correlativity check, and linear regression check, the paper concludes that the sediment evolvement trend of Pingshan station is not distinct.     

1953-2010年黄土洼天然淤地坝内洪水沉积物粒度旋回特征

利用¹³⁷Cs断代技术进行沉积物的测年,结合1953年以来的降雨资料,对黄土洼天然聚湫坝淤地的水成沉积物粒度旋回特征进行了分析。结果表明,坝淤地4 m沉积物是在近百年内形成的,物源比较单一,主要为洪水沉积物;降雨是影响沉积物粒度的主要因素;淤地坝内洪水沉积物粒度以粗粉砂为主,中砂含量很少,没有粗砂;沉积物剖面具有良好的沉积层理,剖面粒度旋回至少记录了42次较大的洪水事件,不同期次洪水沉积物之间粒度变化明显,反映了该区近百年内年流域侵蚀和降水量的变化。     

水准仪的校正以及校正时应注意的事项

文章介绍了在野外作业中对水准仪检查与校正的方法,并且提出在校正时应注意的事项。     

万家沟水库混凝土双曲拱坝施工控制网的布置

本文根据万家沟水库施工控制网的实际设计、施测情况，就其设计特点、依据以及满足施工控制范围和精度要求所采取的措施进行了阐述，论证了该控制网设计的可行性和在施测中所采取的措施的可靠性。     

土石坝坝体溢洪道底板动水压力的计算与修正

通过对已有溢流混凝土面板堆石坝模型试验成果的分析,发现当泄槽设置多道掺气挑坎时,由于掺气挑坎对水流的扰动影响,使得泄槽底板上的动水压强分布极不规则,作用于泄槽底板上动水压力的模型试验实测值与计算值相差较大,并随底板在泄槽中所处的位置而变化;根据模型试验实测值与计算值的对比,提出了计算底板动水压力时的修正建议。     

长江三峡工程对柑桔生产的影响及其对策

本文介绍了长江三峡地区柑桔生产的有利条件和长江建坝对柑桔生产的影响,提出了库区发展柑桔生产的新布局。     

空气阀在多水源高扬程供水工程中的水锤防护研究

【目的】研究多水源高扬程供水工程在断电停泵时的水力过渡特性及其水锤防护措施。【方法】基于一维瞬变流理论和特征线法,对空气阀采用自由气体空穴理论,建立供水系统整体数学模型。针对无防护措施下的断电工况过渡过程计算结果,选择在水泵出口侧和扬水管地面段末端设置快关式逆止阀,在供水管道局部高点设置空气阀的联合水锤防护措施,并进行了空气阀参数的敏感性分析。【结果】在未采取水锤防护措施时,在水泵出口侧发生较大压降且供水管道沿线最低内水压力严重超标。在采取合适的水锤防护措施后,在断电工况下,水泵无反转且泵后最小压力不低于-5m,泵后扬水管最小压力不低于-5m,供水主管最大压力不超过160m,最小压力不低于-5m。【结论】空气阀可对水泵出口侧和供水管道的负压起到很好的控制效果。